浅析“说”与“讲”的词义差异以及在新加坡华语的发展趋势 = Differentiation of “shuō”, “jiǎng” and analysis of their development trends in Singapore Mandarin

“说”与“讲”乃两个无论是意思或是用法上都极为相似的一组近义词。本论文便试图对近义词“说”与“讲”进行辨析，希望从中找出两者之间的差异。此外，也希望能找出这两个词到了现今社会是否承载了新的一层意思，或是是否出现了错误使用的情形，并从而得出这两个词在新加坡华语里的发展趋势。本文将利用词典中的义项、句法结构的分析，并结合新加坡华语语料库的语料，以问卷调查的方式，进行初步的研究。词典中虽有对两个词的解释，但我们不容易从所有的句式中判断“说”或“讲”应是属于哪一个义项。两个词在句法方面也非常相似。从句法上，很难分出两个词之间的差异。 最后，本研究依据语料库的语料和问卷调查的分析对两个词做实证方面的验证其差别。在问卷部分，10位就读于本地大学的新加坡籍学生参与了本研究。他们针对200条有关“说”和“讲”的语料做出了两者是否能在句子里互相替换而不改变句子的意思，且句子又能保持通顺的判断。本文希望借此测试新加坡用语者的语感，希望从句式中看出“说”和“讲”在使用上的差异。从这个问卷调查和相关的语料中，，我们发现的确存在误用的现象。此外，也发现了新句式或搭配的产生。 本文也将200条语料进行了简单的分类，并挑出具代表性的句式和搭配做出了分析。Synonyms shuō and jiǎng have extremely similar meanings and have high similarities in terms of usage and sentence structures. Hence, this thesis aims to find out the difference between these two words, such as, if these two words have any additional new meanings bound to them and if there are any misuses of these two words by the Chinese speakers in the Singapore society. Also, it is hoped to find out the development trends of the two words in the Singapore society. As a first step, the meanings in the various dictionaries, as well as grammar analysis are collected and presented. It is found that the meanings can be easily defined in the dictionaries but it is difficult to classify the meanings of shuō or jiǎng when put in various sentence constructions. In terms of grammar, both words could not be easily differentiated either. Then, the data in a Singapore Mandarin corpus were used as the basis of a survey of 10 invited participants, who are Singapore undergraduates studying in Singapore universities. Of the 200 sentences extracted from the Singapore Mandarin corpus, they were asked to gauge whether the word shuō or jiǎng in the various sentences could be replaced by each other. They must ensure that the meaning of the sentence did not change and that the sentence was grammatically correct. Through their instinctive feel for the language, we hope to see the difference of these two words when used in various constructions. Through the survey with the data extracted from the corpus, the scenarios of misuse of these two words were also detected. New constructions have indeed emerged as well. Finally, the 200 sentences were classified into representative groups of constructions, which provided a framework for discussing the constructions of shuō and jiǎng categorically in this thesis.Bachelor of Art